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                    Recover捕获异常
            
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                    方法值和方法表达式
            
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                    示例: Bit数组
            
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                    封装
            
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                    接口
            
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                    接口是合约
            
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                    接口类型
            
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                    实现接口的条件
            
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                    flag.Value接口
            
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                    接口值
            
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                    sort.Interface接口
            
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                    http.Handler接口
            
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                    error接口
            
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                    示例: 表达式求值
            
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                    类型断言
            
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                    基于类型断言识别错误类型
            
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                    通过类型断言查询接口
            
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                    类型分支
            
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                    示例: 基于标记的XML解码
            
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                    补充几点
            
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                    Goroutines和Channels
            
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                    Goroutines
            
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                    示例: 并发的Clock服务
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.3" data-path="ch8-03.html">
            
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                    示例: 并发的Echo服务
            
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                    Channels
            
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                    并发的循环
            
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                    示例: 并发的Web爬虫
            
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                    基于select的多路复用
            
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                    示例: 并发的目录遍历
            
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                    并发的退出
            
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                    示例: 聊天服务
            
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                    基于共享变量的并发
            
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                    竞争条件
            
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                    sync.Mutex互斥锁
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.3" data-path="../ch9/ch9-03.html">
            
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                    sync.RWMutex读写锁
            
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                    内存同步
            
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                    sync.Once惰性初始化
            
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                    竞争条件检测
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.7" data-path="../ch9/ch9-07.html">
            
                <a href="../ch9/ch9-07.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 并发的非阻塞缓存
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
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                    Goroutines和线程
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11" data-path="../ch10/ch10.html">
            
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                    包和工具
            
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            <ul class="articles">
                
    
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                    包简介
            
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                    导入路径
            
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                    包声明
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.4" data-path="../ch10/ch10-04.html">
            
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                    导入声明
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.11.5" data-path="../ch10/ch10-05.html">
            
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                    包的匿名导入
            
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                    包和命名
            
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                    工具
            
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        </li>
    
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                <a href="../ch11/ch11.html">
            
                    
                    测试
            
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            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.1" data-path="../ch11/ch11-01.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-01.html">
            
                    
                    go test
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.2" data-path="../ch11/ch11-02.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-02.html">
            
                    
                    测试函数
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.3" data-path="../ch11/ch11-03.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-03.html">
            
                    
                    测试覆盖率
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.4" data-path="../ch11/ch11-04.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-04.html">
            
                    
                    基准测试
            
                </a>
            

            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.5" data-path="../ch11/ch11-05.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-05.html">
            
                    
                    剖析
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.6" data-path="../ch11/ch11-06.html">
            
                <a href="../ch11/ch11-06.html">
            
                    
                    示例函数
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13" data-path="../ch12/ch12.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12.html">
            
                    
                    反射
            
                </a>
            

            
            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.1" data-path="../ch12/ch12-01.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-01.html">
            
                    
                    为何需要反射?
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.2" data-path="../ch12/ch12-02.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-02.html">
            
                    
                    reflect.Type和reflect.Value
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.3" data-path="../ch12/ch12-03.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-03.html">
            
                    
                    Display递归打印
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.4" data-path="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 编码S表达式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.5" data-path="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
            
                    
                    通过reflect.Value修改值
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.6" data-path="../ch12/ch12-06.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-06.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 解码S表达式
            
                </a>
            

            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.7" data-path="../ch12/ch12-07.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-07.html">
            
                    
                    获取结构体字段标签
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.8" data-path="../ch12/ch12-08.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-08.html">
            
                    
                    显示一个类型的方法集
            
                </a>
            

            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.9" data-path="../ch12/ch12-09.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-09.html">
            
                    
                    几点忠告
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    

            </ul>
            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14" data-path="../ch13/ch13.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13.html">
            
                    
                    底层编程
            
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            <ul class="articles">
                
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.1" data-path="../ch13/ch13-01.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-01.html">
            
                    
                    unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.2" data-path="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
            
                    
                    unsafe.Pointer
            
                </a>
            

            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.3" data-path="../ch13/ch13-03.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-03.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 深度相等判断
            
                </a>
            

            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.4" data-path="../ch13/ch13-04.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-04.html">
            
                    
                    通过cgo调用C代码
            
                </a>
            

            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.5" data-path="../ch13/ch13-05.html">
            
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                    几点忠告
            
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                    附录
            
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                                <h2 id="82-&#x793A;&#x4F8B;-&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7684;clock&#x670D;&#x52A1;">8.2. &#x793A;&#x4F8B;: &#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x7684;Clock&#x670D;&#x52A1;</h2>
<p>&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x7F16;&#x7A0B;&#x662F;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#x5927;&#x663E;&#x8EAB;&#x624B;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x9886;&#x57DF;&#xFF0C;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x662F;&#x6700;&#x5178;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x6765;&#x81EA;&#x4E8E;&#x5F7C;&#x6B64;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x672C;&#x5C0F;&#x8282;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4F1A;&#x8BB2;&#x89E3;go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7684;net&#x5305;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5305;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x7EC4;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x65E0;&#x8BBA;&#x4E24;&#x8005;&#x95F4;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x662F;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;TCP&#x3001;UDP&#x6216;&#x8005;Unix domain sockets&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x7AE0;&#x4E2D;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x8FC7;&#x7684;net/http&#x5305;&#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x7B97;&#x662F;net&#x5305;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x949F;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x4F1A;&#x6BCF;&#x9694;&#x4E00;&#x79D2;&#x949F;&#x5C06;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x5199;&#x5230;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><u><i>gopl.io/ch8/clock1</i></u></p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-comment">// Clock1 is a TCP server that periodically writes the time.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> main

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> (
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;io&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;log&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;net&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;time&quot;</span>
)

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    listener, err := net.Listen(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;tcp&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;localhost:8000&quot;</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> {
        conn, err := listener.Accept()
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
            log.Print(err) <span class="hljs-comment">// e.g., connection aborted</span>
            <span class="hljs-keyword">continue</span>
        }
        handleConn(conn) <span class="hljs-comment">// handle one connection at a time</span>
    }
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> handleConn(c net.Conn) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">defer</span> c.Close()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> {
        _, err := io.WriteString(c, time.Now().Format(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;15:04:05\n&quot;</span>))
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// e.g., client disconnected</span>
        }
        time.Sleep(<span class="hljs-number">1</span> * time.Second)
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>Listen&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;net.Listener&#x7684;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x4F1A;&#x76D1;&#x542C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#x4E0A;&#x5230;&#x6765;&#x7684;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x91CC;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x662F;TCP&#x7684;localhost:8000&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#x3002;listener&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x7684;Accept&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x4F1A;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x963B;&#x585E;&#xFF0C;&#x76F4;&#x5230;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B0;&#x7684;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x88AB;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x4F1A;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;net.Conn&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x6765;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x3002;</p>
<p>handleConn&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4F1A;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5B8C;&#x6574;&#x7684;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;for&#x6B7B;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;time.Now()&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x65F6;&#x523B;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x5199;&#x5230;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x3002;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;net.Conn&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E86;io.Writer&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x5411;&#x5176;&#x5199;&#x5165;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x6B7B;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x4F1A;&#x4E00;&#x76F4;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#xFF0C;&#x76F4;&#x5230;&#x5199;&#x5165;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x3002;&#x6700;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x7684;&#x539F;&#x56E0;&#x662F;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x4E3B;&#x52A8;&#x65AD;&#x5F00;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;handleConn&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4F1A;&#x7528;defer&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x5173;&#x95ED;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x4FA7;&#x7684;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x5230;&#x4E3B;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x7EE7;&#x7EED;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x4E0B;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x3002;</p>
<p>time.Time.Format&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x5316;&#x65E5;&#x671F;&#x548C;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x3002;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x5316;&#x6A21;&#x677F;&#xFF0C;&#x6807;&#x8BC6;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x6765;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x5316;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x5316;&#x6A21;&#x677F;&#x9650;&#x5B9A;&#x4E3A;Mon Jan 2 03:04:05PM 2006 UTC-0700&#x3002;&#x6709;8&#x4E2A;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#xFF08;&#x5468;&#x51E0;&#x3001;&#x6708;&#x4EFD;&#x3001;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6708;&#x7684;&#x7B2C;&#x51E0;&#x5929;&#x2026;&#x2026;&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4EE5;&#x4EFB;&#x610F;&#x7684;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x6765;&#x7EC4;&#x5408;&#x524D;&#x9762;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x6A21;&#x677F;&#xFF1B;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x6A21;&#x677F;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x4F1A;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x53C2;&#x8003;&#x6765;&#x5BF9;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x4E2D;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EA;&#x7528;&#x5230;&#x4E86;&#x5C0F;&#x65F6;&#x3001;&#x5206;&#x949F;&#x548C;&#x79D2;&#x3002;time&#x5305;&#x91CC;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E86;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;time.RFC1123&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x9006;&#x5411;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;time.Parse&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x4E5F;&#x4F1A;&#x7528;&#x5230;&#x540C;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x7B56;&#x7565;&#x3002;&#xFF08;&#x8BD1;&#x6CE8;&#xFF1A;&#x8FD9;&#x662F;go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x548C;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x76F8;&#x6BD4;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x5947;&#x8469;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5730;&#x65B9;&#x3002;&#x4F60;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x8BB0;&#x4F4F;&#x683C;&#x5F0F;&#x5316;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x662F;1&#x6708;2&#x65E5;&#x4E0B;&#x5348;3&#x70B9;4&#x5206;5&#x79D2;&#x96F6;&#x516D;&#x5E74;UTC-0700&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x50CF;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x90A3;&#x6837;Y-m-d H:i:s&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x7136;&#x4E86;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;1234567&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x6765;&#x8BB0;&#x5FC6;&#xFF0C;&#x5012;&#x662F;&#x4E5F;&#x4E0D;&#x9EBB;&#x70E6;&#x3002;&#xFF09;</p>
<p>&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;netcat&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#xFF08;nc&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code>$ go build gopl.io/ch8/clock1
$ ./clock1 &amp;
$ nc localhost 8000
13:58:54
13:58:55
13:58:56
13:58:57
^C
</code></pre><p>&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x5C06;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x53D1;&#x6765;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x663E;&#x793A;&#x4E86;&#x51FA;&#x6765;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7528;Control+C&#x6765;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;Unix&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x4F1A;&#x770B;&#x5230;^C&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x54CD;&#x5E94;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F60;&#x7684;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x88C5;nc&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;telnet&#x6765;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x540C;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x6548;&#x679C;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7528;go&#x5199;&#x7684;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;telnet&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;net.Dial&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x5730;&#x521B;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;TCP&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><u><i>gopl.io/ch8/netcat1</i></u></p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-comment">// Netcat1 is a read-only TCP client.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> main

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> (
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;io&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;log&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;net&quot;</span>
    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;os&quot;</span>
)

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> main() {
    conn, err := net.Dial(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;tcp&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;localhost:8000&quot;</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">defer</span> conn.Close()
    mustCopy(os.Stdout, conn)
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> mustCopy(dst io.Writer, src io.Reader) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> _, err := io.Copy(dst, src); err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4F1A;&#x4ECE;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x4E2D;&#x8BFB;&#x53D6;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x5C06;&#x8BFB;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x5199;&#x5230;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x76F4;&#x5230;&#x9047;&#x5230;end of file&#x7684;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x3002;mustCopy&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5728;&#x672C;&#x8282;&#x7684;&#x51E0;&#x4E2A;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x4E2D;&#x90FD;&#x4F1A;&#x7528;&#x5230;&#x3002;&#x8BA9;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x6765;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5F00;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x7EC8;&#x7AEF;&#x7A97;&#x53E3;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x5DE6;&#x8FB9;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#xFF0C;&#x53F3;&#x8FB9;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>$ go build gopl.io/ch8/netcat1
$ ./netcat1
13:58:54                               $ ./netcat1
13:58:55
13:58:56
^C
                                       13:58:57
                                       13:58:58
                                       13:58:59
                                       ^C
$ killall clock1
</code></pre><p>killall&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;Unix&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x884C;&#x5DE5;&#x5177;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x7ED9;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x540D;&#x6765;&#x6740;&#x6389;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x5339;&#x914D;&#x7684;&#x8FDB;&#x7A0B;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x4E2A;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7AEF;&#x624D;&#x80FD;&#x7EE7;&#x7EED;&#x5411;&#x540E;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#xFF1B;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x53EA;&#x80FD;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x5BF9;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7AEF;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x505A;&#x4E00;&#x70B9;&#x5C0F;&#x6539;&#x52A8;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x5176;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;&#xFF1A;&#x5728;handleConn&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x5730;&#x65B9;&#x589E;&#x52A0;go&#x5173;&#x952E;&#x5B57;&#xFF0C;&#x8BA9;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x6B21;handleConn&#x7684;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x90FD;&#x8FDB;&#x5165;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x72EC;&#x7ACB;&#x7684;goroutine&#x3002;</p>
<p><u><i>gopl.io/ch8/clock2</i></u></p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> {
    conn, err := listener.Accept()
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
        log.Print(err) <span class="hljs-comment">// e.g., connection aborted</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword">continue</span>
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">go</span> handleConn(conn) <span class="hljs-comment">// handle connections concurrently</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5230;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#x4E86;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>$ go build gopl.io/ch8/clock2
$ ./clock2 &amp;
$ go build gopl.io/ch8/netcat1
$ ./netcat1
14:02:54                               $ ./netcat1
14:02:55                               14:02:55
14:02:56                               14:02:56
14:02:57                               ^C
14:02:58
14:02:59                               $ ./netcat1
14:03:00                               14:03:00
14:03:01                               14:03:01
^C                                     14:03:02
                                       ^C
$ killall clock2
</code></pre><p><strong>&#x7EC3;&#x4E60; 8.1&#xFF1A;</strong> &#x4FEE;&#x6539;clock2&#x6765;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x4F20;&#x5165;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#x53F7;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x5199;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;clockwall&#x7684;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x4E0E;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;clock&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#xFF0C;&#x4ECE;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x4E2D;&#x8BFB;&#x53D6;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8868;&#x683C;&#x4E2D;&#x4E00;&#x6B21;&#x663E;&#x793A;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x4F20;&#x56DE;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#xFF0C;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x4E8E;&#x4F60;&#x5728;&#x67D0;&#x4E9B;&#x529E;&#x516C;&#x5BA4;&#x91CC;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x949F;&#x5899;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F60;&#x6709;&#x5730;&#x7406;&#x5B66;&#x4E0A;&#x5206;&#x5E03;&#x5F0F;&#x7684;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x8BDD;&#xFF0C;&#x8BA9;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x8DD1;&#x5728;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x673A;&#x5668;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#xFF1B;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x5728;&#x540C;&#x4E00;&#x53F0;&#x673A;&#x5668;&#x4E0A;&#x8DD1;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x5B9E;&#x4F8B;&#x76D1;&#x542C;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#xFF0C;&#x5047;&#x88C5;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x5728;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x533A;&#x3002;&#x50CF;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>$ TZ=US/Eastern    ./clock2 -port 8010 &amp;
$ TZ=Asia/Tokyo    ./clock2 -port 8020 &amp;
$ TZ=Europe/London ./clock2 -port 8030 &amp;
$ clockwall NewYork=localhost:8010 Tokyo=localhost:8020 London=localhost:8030
</code></pre><p><strong>&#x7EC3;&#x4E60; 8.2&#xFF1A;</strong> &#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5E76;&#x53D1;FTP&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x3002;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x53D1;&#x6765;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;cd&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x6765;&#x5207;&#x6362;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#xFF0C;ls&#x6765;&#x5217;&#x51FA;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x5185;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;get&#x548C;send&#x6765;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;close&#x6765;&#x5173;&#x95ED;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x3002;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x7684;ftp&#x547D;&#x4EE4;&#x6765;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x3002;</p>

                                
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